List of Gemstones | Rare Minerals | Gem stones | Gems – Information and Properties
| Formula of the Mineral : The chemical composition of the gemstone. |
| Crystal System of the Gemstone : One of the seven systems in which the patterns of atoms are arranged in space to form minerals. The seven systems gemologists use to identify minerals and gem stones are isometric (cubic), tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic and hexagonal and trigonal system. |
| Variety/Species of Gems : The variety that particular gem stone is of. |
| Species/Group of Mineral : The Group or Species that particular gemstone belongs to. |
| Birefringence : The measure of the difference between the highest refractive index and the lowest refractive index of a doubly refractive stone. |
| Dispersion : The separation of white light into its component spectral colors. Sometimes called fire. |
| Hardness of Gemstone : Hardness of gem stones are measured with reference to Mohs Scale of hardness. 10 being the hardest (Diamond) and 1 being softest (Talc). |
| Toughness : The ability of a gem stone to resist breaking. Toughness is not the same as the hardness of a stone, which is a stones ability to resist scratching. |
| Ultrasonic : Effect on any gem stones when put in a ultrasonic machine -A cleaning machine that vibrates thousands of times per second. Fragile gems such as opal, emerald, pearls and many other should not be put into the ultrasonic. |
| Steam : Resistance power of the stone when steam is used on it. |
| UV Long : Consisting of wavelengths shorter than those of visible light making them invisible to the naked eye. In gemology, the UV lamps are short-wave and long-wave (315-400 nanometers). |
| UV Short : See Above. |
| Pleochroism : |
| Strength : |
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| Pleochroism Colors : Different colors seen in gem stones when seen through a dicroscope. |
| Heat : Effect of heat (fire) on the gem stones. |
| Acids : Reaction of the gem stone to any acids. |
| Light : Effect of the light on the gem stone ( sunlight or any other light ). |
| Polish Luster : The final finish on the surface of fashioned gems. Optical reflection is maximized when the gem stone is polished as finely as possible. |
| Fracture : Type of fracture the gemstone exhibits. |
| Fracture Luster : Luster seen on the frature of the gemstone. |
| Clarity Type : How clear the gemstone is. |
| Tones : |
| Saturations : |
| Cause of Color : The chemical element or any other cause that brings out the color of the gem stone. |
| Enhancements : Typical treatments that are/can be done on gem stone. |
| Cleavage : The tendency of a crystalline mineral to break in certain definite directions, connected to its atomic structure, called cleavage planes. A diamond can be split by cleaving, a process where a stone is studied so that the plane may be defined and divided with a swift blow. This swift blow splits the stone into proportions quickly as opposed to sawing. Ironically, gems and minerals defined as having perfect cleavage are the ones most likely to break when being cut or faceted. |
| Color Range : The range of colors the gemstone and mineral is available in nature. |
| Transparency : The degree of light the gemstone allows to pass through it. |
| Phenomena : Properties that some gemstones exhibit. An excellent example of a phenomenon is the chatoyancy of chrysoberyl cat’s eye. |
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| Separations : Characteristics to identify the gemstone or rare mineral from other similar type of gems. |
| Identifying Characteristics and information of rare minerals : Typical identification characteristics to identify this gemstone. |
| Spectral Data : |
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